References: Tafseer Ibn Katheer, ar-Raheeq al-Makhtoom by Shaikh
Safi ar-Rahmaan Mubarakpuri, The History of Islam and others.
Life in
Makkah was becoming difficult for the Muslims. The growing oppression and
tortures of the Kuffar became unbearable. The Muslims were prevented from
worshiping Allah. Consequently, Allah, the Exalted, revealed orders to
migrate. The Prophet (saws) and his companions secretly planned to escape the
watchful disbelievers, who intended to kill the Prophet and his companions in
their own homeland and thus bring an end to the religion of Islam. But Allah,
the Exalted, aided His Messenger (saws) to immigrate to
al-Medina. This carefully planned and prudent escape of Allah's Messenger (saws) and the Sahabah created great anxiety and rancor in the
hearts of the disbelievers.
The new abode
of Allah's Messenger (saws), al-Medina, integrated the
commercial routes to Makkah. The trade caravans of the disbelievers passing
near al-Median now faced serious danger. The disbelievers had already
experienced the love and devotion of the Sahabah for Allah and His Messenger
(saws). They knew that the Sahabah were always ready to
sacrifice everything they had for the Prophet (saws).
Thus, in order to safeguard their trade, the disbelievers undertook all
possible efforts to expel the Muslims from al-Medina.
They sent a serious
ultimatum to the chief of the disbelievers in al-Medina, Abdullah Ibn Ubai Ibn
Sahul, ordering him to fight or drive out the Prophet (saws) from al-Medina. Otherwise, they would attack their city and destroy
their people. However, the Prophet (saws) cautioned
Abdullah and his men from taking any cruel steps against the Muslims and as a
result of his cowardice, Abdullah withheld his devilish plan. The disbelievers
of Makkah also sent a note to the Ansaar (the Muslims of al-Medina who aided
Allah's Messenger (saws)) threatening to put them to
death if they helped the Prophet or defended him. But the Ansaar loved Allah's
Messenger (saws) more than their lives and therefore
paid no heed to the threats.