Answered by Shaykhul Islām Muhammad ibnu ‘Abdul Wahhāb (rahimahullāh)
The pillars of Islām are five, the first of which is the shahādatayn then the remaining four. If a person affirms the latter four but abandoned them out of negligence then we do not declare them to be kuffār because of their negligence even though we may fight them for their action. The scholars differ considering the kuffr of the one who who abandons them out of laziness without rejecting them.
As for us, then we do not declare anyone to be a kaafir except for the one matter that all scholars have reached an ijmā’, which is the shahādatayn. Even in this case, we only declare this person to be a kaafir after establishing for certain that he is capable of possessing understanding of this issue, meaning he can understand the affair but rejects it. So we say that our position concerning our enemies is classified into different categories:
The first category: The one who knows that Tawheed is the Deen of Allāh and His Messengers which we have already clarified for the people. He affirms this and he similarly affirms that the prevailing beliefs concerning rocks, trees, and humans which most of the people believe in are truly forms of shirk which the Prophet (saws) was sent by Allāh to prohibit and fight those who practice this shirk in order for all the Deen to be for Allāh alone.
In spite of this understanding this person does not give any concern go Tawheed nor does he attempt to learn it or practice it, and he also does not abandon shirk. This person is the kāfir whom we fight against because of his kuffr. He knows the Deen of the Messenger yet he does not follow it; and he knows shirk but does not leave it. He doesn’t dislike the Deen of the Messenger nor does he despise whoever enters into it. Neither does he praise shirk or beautify it for the people (but he fell into what was mentioned).
The second category: Whoever knows this but is observed mocking/cursing the Deen of the Messenger while he claims to follow it. This person as well praises those who worship Yūsuf, Al Ashqar, Abū ‘Alī, and Al Khidr from the people of Kuwait, while preferring them over the people who worship Allāh alone and leave shirk. This individual’s situation is much more severe than the first one. Concerning this individual Allāh revealed:
"But then when there came to them that which
they recognized, they disbelieved in it. So the curse of Allāh is upon
the disbelievers" [2:89]
And if they break their oaths after
pledging to honor them and defame your deen, then fight the leaders of
kufr, for indeed, there are no oaths to them, (fight them that) they may
cease" [9:12]
The third category: Whoever knows Tawheed, is pleased with it and practices it. They also know shirk and abandon it but they despise the people who actualize/embrace Tawheed and love those who remain upon shirk. This person is a kaafir as well concerning whom Allāh says:
"That is because they dislike what Allāh revealed, so He rendered their deeds worthless" [47:9]
The fourth category: Whoever doesn’t fall into any what we have previously mentioned but rather the people of his region/land are vehemently opposed to the people of Tawheed. They are followers of the people of shirk who fight against the people of Tawheed, and because of this, this person attempts to excuse himself stating that it is difficult for him to abandon his homeland. So he fights against the people of Tawheed alongside the people of his land and supports this fight with his wealth and himself.
This person is also considered a kaafir. This
is because were they to command him to leave fasting the month of
Ramadaan and if it were not possible for him to do so except by leaving
them he would do so. If they commanded him to marry his father’s wife
and it would not be possible for him to avoid this except by leaving
them he would do so. So his approval and agreement of their fighting
against the people of Tawheed and support of them by offering his wealth
and his life while they intend by this the destruction of the Deen of
Allāh and His Messenger is far greater in severity.
So this individual is also a kaafir and he is from those whom Allāh describes in His statement:
"You will find others who wish to obtain
security from you and obtain security from their people. Every time they
are returned to (the influence of) fitnah/disbelief, they fall back
into it. So if they do not withdraw from you or offer you peace or
restrain their hands, then seize them and kill them wherever you
overtake them. Concerning them, We have granted you against them clear
authority" [4:91]
So this is what we say about them. As for the lies and the deceit of those who say that we unrestrictedly declare people to be kuffār and that we obligate people who can manifest their Deen to make hijrah to us, and that we declare people to be kuffār if they do not declare others to be kuffār or (that we declare people kuffār) if they do not fight alongside us and other than this from the multitudes of lies and deceit, then all of this is from lies and deceit which is utilized to divert the people away from the Deen of Allāh and His Messenger.
INSHA'ALLAH
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