And
this is a popular saying, narrated and attributed authentically to
many of the Salaf, and there are slight variants in the wording:
sometimes it was 'and we do not do takfeer of anyone due to a sin, as
long as he does not do Istihlaal,' and at other times it was, 'and we
do not do takfeer of any Muslim due to a sin that that he does not
do istihlaal of' and similar to it.
The saying mentioned in the subtitle, is the most popular, wallahu a'lam, and the one found in at-Tahawi's 'aqeedah. Nevertheless, we say that this saying is true, although it is not found in the Qur'aan, nor Sunnah, but it is an established saying amongst the people of knowledge, as al-Lalikaa`ee mentions in his book of 'aqeedah, Sharh Usool I’tiqaad Ahl as-Sunnah; but unfortunately many contemporary people who attribute themselves to knowledge have misunderstood this statement to mean that a person does not become a kaafir, even if he does all the mukaffiraat (things that make one a kaafir), as long as he does not do istihlaal of them. And it was for this 'aqeedah, that the Salaf announced the holder of to be a kaafir, as Shaykh al-Islaam mentions in his Fatawaa, voume 7/209; and see also as-Sunnah for Abu Bakr al-Khalaal, page 587, Daar ar-Raayah print, 1410 AH). Know, oh fellow Muwahhid, that is is nothing but the 'aqeedah of the extreme murji'ah, who have unfortunately arisen and become rampant in this day and age.
The saying mentioned in the subtitle, is the most popular, wallahu a'lam, and the one found in at-Tahawi's 'aqeedah. Nevertheless, we say that this saying is true, although it is not found in the Qur'aan, nor Sunnah, but it is an established saying amongst the people of knowledge, as al-Lalikaa`ee mentions in his book of 'aqeedah, Sharh Usool I’tiqaad Ahl as-Sunnah; but unfortunately many contemporary people who attribute themselves to knowledge have misunderstood this statement to mean that a person does not become a kaafir, even if he does all the mukaffiraat (things that make one a kaafir), as long as he does not do istihlaal of them. And it was for this 'aqeedah, that the Salaf announced the holder of to be a kaafir, as Shaykh al-Islaam mentions in his Fatawaa, voume 7/209; and see also as-Sunnah for Abu Bakr al-Khalaal, page 587, Daar ar-Raayah print, 1410 AH). Know, oh fellow Muwahhid, that is is nothing but the 'aqeedah of the extreme murji'ah, who have unfortunately arisen and become rampant in this day and age.
As for what is meant by this statement then, are the
sins that are not kufr when done, such as drinking alcohol and commiting
fornication and their likes, these sins, if he considers them not haraam,
then he disbelieves due to. Sins however, that are disbelief, such as
insulting Allah, or insulting His Prophet, sallalahu 'alayhi wa aalihi
wa salam, or mocking the ayaat of the Qur'aan, or misusing the mushaf (the copy of the Qur'aan), then istihlaal is
not required for the doer of these actions to disbelieve. For that
reason, some of the scholars of the Salaf, limited this statement by
adding the words, "from the People of the Qiblah", meaning, the people
who have not done any actions of disbelief. To prove our statement that
what the Salaf meant by "Ahl al-Qiblah" are the Muslims, is the
statement of Abu Muhammed al-Hasan al-Barbahaari, "None of the people of
the Qiblah leave Islaam unless they reject (yarudd) an ayah from
the book of Allah, subhanahu wa ta'ala, or reject any narrations from
the Messenger of Allah, sallahu 'alayhi wa salam, or pray to other than
Allah, or sacrifice to other than Allah. And if he does any of that, it
is obligatory upon you to expel him from Islam. If he does not do any of
that, he is a believer and a Muslim in name, even if not in reality." -
See Kitaab Sharh as-Sunnah, for Abu Muhammed al-Hasan bin 'Ali
bin Khalaf al-Barbahaari, with the editing of Shaykh Muhammed bin Sa'eed
al-Qahtaani, page 31, Daar Ibn al-Qayyim print, 1408 AH.
Shaykh al-Islaam says: "And for that reason, the scholars of Ahl as-Sunnah, said in their explanation of the creed of Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah, that they do not do takfeer of any of the people of the Qiblah due to sins, reffering [by that] to the innovation of the Khawaarij, who do takfeer due to sin" - See Majmoo' al-Fatawaa, volume 12/474. And Ibn Taymiyyah also says, and I have quoted this earlier in this discussion: "And us, if we say: that Ahl as-Sunnah are upon agreement that a person does not become a kaafir due to sin, then we mean by it the sins such as fornication and drinking [alcohol]". - See al-Imaan , page 214. And Shaykh al-Islaam mentions similar to this, in the following references in his Fatawaa: Volume 7/302 and vol. 20/90, so revise them for benefit.
Shaykh Haafith Hikmi (a great scholar from the Salaf) said, "And we do not do takefer of a Believer due to sins except with istihlaal, which we have previously mentioned [in this text], then that does not include disbelief, and what is meant by it are the sins, that are not shirk" - See Ma'aarij al-Qubool, with the commentary of our Shaykh, 'Umar Mahmood Abu 'Umar, commonly knows as Abu Qatadah, volume 2/438.
Abul-Hasan al-Ash'ari, rahimahullah, says: "And we do not do takfeer of anyone from the people of he Qiblah due to a sin, like fornication and stealing, and similar to that from major sins, and they [i.e. the doers] are believers even though they commited major sins" - See, Maqalaat al-Islamiyeen, al-Maktabah al-'Asriyyah print, volume 1/347.
And from the best quotes on this matter, is what Shaykh Muhammed bin 'Abdilwahaab said in his reply to one of his opposers: "And as the third [in some prints, the second, and the former is more correct] matter: And it is from the biggest of your deceptions, which you are trying to use against the people, is that [you said], that the people of knowledge said: 'And it is not permissible to do takfeer of a Muslim due to a sin', this is true, but this is not what we are talking about; because the khawaarij do takfeer of the one who fornicates, and the one who thieves, or sheds blood, and even with every major sin, if a Muslim does them, then he has disbelieved [according to them]. As for Ahl as-Sunnah, then their understanding is that a Muslim cannot disbelieve except due to shirk, and we do not do takfeer of the tawagheet (the false dieties) nor their followers except due to shirk, and you are a person from the ignorant of people, you assume that whoever prays and claims to be a Muslim then he does not disbelieve. . . Did you see the companions of the Prophet of Allah - s - when they fought the people who refused to pay az-zakah, and when they wanted to repent, Abu Bakr refused and said, 'We will not accept your repentance until you bear witness that our killed ones are in paradise, and yours in hellfire - do you think Abu Bakr and his companions don't understand, and you and your father understand? Woe to you, oh ignorant one, oh man of contructed ignorance if you believe this!" - See ar-Rasaa`il ash-Shakhsiyyah lish-Shaykh Muhammed bin 'Abdilwahaab, Jaam'iat al-Imaam Muhammed bin Su'ood print, page 233-234.
Proving all that has been said above, is the ijmaa' of the Sahabah, radiallahu 'anhum, for they have unanimously agreed that the one who drinks alcohol does not become a disbeliever until he makes istihlaal of it, as in the event of Qudaamah bin Math'oon (who drank alcohol, thinking it was permissible for him, so they established the hujjah, and 'Umar said, had he stayed upon what he had thought, we would have killed him as a kaafir); like they have an ijmaa' that the person who comes with acts of kufr, then he disbelieves, even if he does not do istihlaal of them, such as abandoning as-salah, and we have established earlier that the ijmaa' of the sahabah is a clear and manifest and undisputable evidence.
Shaykh al-Islaam says: "And for that reason, the scholars of Ahl as-Sunnah, said in their explanation of the creed of Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah, that they do not do takfeer of any of the people of the Qiblah due to sins, reffering [by that] to the innovation of the Khawaarij, who do takfeer due to sin" - See Majmoo' al-Fatawaa, volume 12/474. And Ibn Taymiyyah also says, and I have quoted this earlier in this discussion: "And us, if we say: that Ahl as-Sunnah are upon agreement that a person does not become a kaafir due to sin, then we mean by it the sins such as fornication and drinking [alcohol]". - See al-Imaan , page 214. And Shaykh al-Islaam mentions similar to this, in the following references in his Fatawaa: Volume 7/302 and vol. 20/90, so revise them for benefit.
Shaykh Haafith Hikmi (a great scholar from the Salaf) said, "And we do not do takefer of a Believer due to sins except with istihlaal, which we have previously mentioned [in this text], then that does not include disbelief, and what is meant by it are the sins, that are not shirk" - See Ma'aarij al-Qubool, with the commentary of our Shaykh, 'Umar Mahmood Abu 'Umar, commonly knows as Abu Qatadah, volume 2/438.
Abul-Hasan al-Ash'ari, rahimahullah, says: "And we do not do takfeer of anyone from the people of he Qiblah due to a sin, like fornication and stealing, and similar to that from major sins, and they [i.e. the doers] are believers even though they commited major sins" - See, Maqalaat al-Islamiyeen, al-Maktabah al-'Asriyyah print, volume 1/347.
And from the best quotes on this matter, is what Shaykh Muhammed bin 'Abdilwahaab said in his reply to one of his opposers: "And as the third [in some prints, the second, and the former is more correct] matter: And it is from the biggest of your deceptions, which you are trying to use against the people, is that [you said], that the people of knowledge said: 'And it is not permissible to do takfeer of a Muslim due to a sin', this is true, but this is not what we are talking about; because the khawaarij do takfeer of the one who fornicates, and the one who thieves, or sheds blood, and even with every major sin, if a Muslim does them, then he has disbelieved [according to them]. As for Ahl as-Sunnah, then their understanding is that a Muslim cannot disbelieve except due to shirk, and we do not do takfeer of the tawagheet (the false dieties) nor their followers except due to shirk, and you are a person from the ignorant of people, you assume that whoever prays and claims to be a Muslim then he does not disbelieve. . . Did you see the companions of the Prophet of Allah - s - when they fought the people who refused to pay az-zakah, and when they wanted to repent, Abu Bakr refused and said, 'We will not accept your repentance until you bear witness that our killed ones are in paradise, and yours in hellfire - do you think Abu Bakr and his companions don't understand, and you and your father understand? Woe to you, oh ignorant one, oh man of contructed ignorance if you believe this!" - See ar-Rasaa`il ash-Shakhsiyyah lish-Shaykh Muhammed bin 'Abdilwahaab, Jaam'iat al-Imaam Muhammed bin Su'ood print, page 233-234.
Proving all that has been said above, is the ijmaa' of the Sahabah, radiallahu 'anhum, for they have unanimously agreed that the one who drinks alcohol does not become a disbeliever until he makes istihlaal of it, as in the event of Qudaamah bin Math'oon (who drank alcohol, thinking it was permissible for him, so they established the hujjah, and 'Umar said, had he stayed upon what he had thought, we would have killed him as a kaafir); like they have an ijmaa' that the person who comes with acts of kufr, then he disbelieves, even if he does not do istihlaal of them, such as abandoning as-salah, and we have established earlier that the ijmaa' of the sahabah is a clear and manifest and undisputable evidence.
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