“If a wound has touched you, be assured a similar wound has touched
the others. And so are the days, that We give to men by turns, that
Allah may test those who believe, and that He may take shuhada (martyrs)
from among you. And Allah does not like the wrong-doers (those who
commit shirk and Kuffr). And that Allah may test the believers and
destroy the disbelievers. Or do you think that you will enter Jannah
before Allah tests those of you who fought and tests those who are
patient? And indeed you used to long for death (shahadah) before you met
it. Now you have seen it with your own eyes.”
Allah states to His believing servants who suffered losses in the
battle of Uhud, including seventy dead: Many similar ways were faced
before you, for the previous nations who followed their prophets before
you, they too suffered losses. However, the good end was theirs, and the
ultimate defeat was for the disbelievers. This is why Allah said: “…so
travel through the earth, and see what was the end of those who
disbelieved.”
Allah said next: “…This is a plain statement for mankind,” meaning, the Qur’an explains the true reality of things and narrates how the previous nations suffered by the hands of their enemies. “And a guidance and instruction,” for the Qur’an contains the news of the past, and “guidance” for your hearts and instruction for the muttaqeen to discourage committing the prohibited and forbidden matters. Allah comforts the believers by saying: “So do not become weak,” because of what you suffered, “nor be sad, and you will be superior if you are indeed believers.” For without doubt, the ultimate victory and triumph will be yours, O believers.
"If a wound (and killing) has touched you, be sure a similar wound (and
killing) has touched the others. And so are the days (good and not so
good), We give to men by turns, that Allah may test those who believe,
and that He may take martyrs from among you. And Allah likes not the
Zalimoon (polytheists and wrongdoers)." [3:140]
“If a wound has touched you, be assured a similar wound has touched the others.” Therefore,
the Ayah says, if you suffered injuries and some of you were killed,
then your enemies also suffered injuries and fatalities. “And so are the
days, that We give to men by turns,” and at times – out of (divine)
wisdom – We allow the enemy to overcome you, although the final good end
will be yours. “…that Allah may test those who believe.” According to
ibn Abbas, meaning, “So that We find out who would be patient while
fighting the enemies.”
“…and that He may take shuhada (martyrs) from among you,” those
who would be killed in the path Allah and gladly offer their lives
seeking His pleasure. “And Allah does not like the wrongdoers. And that Allah may test the believers,”
by forgiving them their sins if they have any. Otherwise, Allah will
raise their ranks according to the losses they suffered. Allah’s
statement: “and destroy the disbelievers,” for it is their conduct that
if they gain the upper hand, they transgress and commit aggression.
However, this conduct only leads to ultimate destruction, extermination,
perishing, and dying out.
Allah then said: “Or do you think that you will enter Jannah before Allah tests those of you who fought and tests those who are patient?”
The Ayah asks, do you think that you will enter Paradise without being
tested with warfare and hardships. Allah said in Surah al-Baqarah: “Or
do you think that you will enter Paradise without such (trials) as came
to those who passed away before you? They were afflicted with severe
poverty and ailments and were so shaken…” Allah said: “Do people think
that they will be left alone because they say, ‘We believe,’ and will
not be tested?'” This is why He said here: “Or do you think that you
will enter Jannah before Allah tests those of you who fought and tests
those who are patient?” Meaning, you will not earn Paradise until you
are tested and thus Allah knows who among you are the ones who struggle
and fight in His cause and are patient in the face of the enemy.
Allah said: “And indeed you used to long for death (shahadah) before you met it. Now you have seen it with your own eyes.” [3:143]
The Ayah proclaims: O believers! Before today, you wished that you
could meet the enemy and were eager to fight them. What you wished has
occurred, so fight them and be patient. In the two books of sahih
narrations it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said, “Do not wish to encounter the enemy, and ask
Allah for your well-being. However, if you do encounter them, then
observe patience and know that Paradise is under the shade of swords.”
This is why Allah said here: “Now you have seen it,” death, you saw it
when the swords appeared, the blades were sharpened, the spears
crisscrossed, and men stood in lines for battle. This part of the Ayah
contains a figure of speech that mentions imagining what can be felt but
not seen.
[Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Surah Al ‘Imran: 139-143)]
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