Muharram is the month with which the Muslims begin their
lunar Calendar. It is one of the four sacred months about
which the Quraan Says:
"Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve (lunar)
months in the register of Allah (from) the day He created the heavens
and the earth; of these, four are sacred…" [9:36]
These four months, according to the authentic Prophetic narrations, are Dhul-Qi'dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram and Rajab. All the interpreters of the Noble Quraan are unanimous on this point, because the Prophet (saws) declared in his sermon on the occasion of his last Hajj: "One year consists of twelve months, of which four are sacred months; three of them are in sequence; Dhul-Qi'dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, and the fourth is Rajab."
The specific mention of these four months does not mean that any other month has no sanctity, because the month of Ramadaan is admittedly the most sacred month in the year. But these four months were specifically termed as sacred months for the simple reason that even the pagans of Makkah accepted their sacredness.
The sacredness of these four months was established right from the day Allah created the universe. Since the Pagans of Makkah attributed themselves to Ibraheem (as) who observed the sacredness of these months; they also observed the sacredness of these four months and despite their frequent tribal battles, they held it unlawful to fight in these months.
These four months, according to the authentic Prophetic narrations, are Dhul-Qi'dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram and Rajab. All the interpreters of the Noble Quraan are unanimous on this point, because the Prophet (saws) declared in his sermon on the occasion of his last Hajj: "One year consists of twelve months, of which four are sacred months; three of them are in sequence; Dhul-Qi'dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, and the fourth is Rajab."
The specific mention of these four months does not mean that any other month has no sanctity, because the month of Ramadaan is admittedly the most sacred month in the year. But these four months were specifically termed as sacred months for the simple reason that even the pagans of Makkah accepted their sacredness.
The sacredness of these four months was established right from the day Allah created the universe. Since the Pagans of Makkah attributed themselves to Ibraheem (as) who observed the sacredness of these months; they also observed the sacredness of these four months and despite their frequent tribal battles, they held it unlawful to fight in these months.
In Islam, the sanctity of these months was upheld and the Holy Quraan referred to them as the "sanctified months". Muharram has certain other characteristics special to it, which are as follows: