Below mentioned are some of the evidences:
Aa’ishah (ra)
reported that when the Messenger of Allah (saws) decided to observe
i'tikaaf, he prayed in the morning and then went to the place of his
i'tikaaf, and he commanded that a tent should be pitched for him, and it
was pitched. He (once) decided to observe i'tikaaf in the last ten days
of Ramadaan. Zainab (the wife of the Prophet (saws)) commanded that a
tent should be pitched for her. It was pitched accordingly. And some
other wives of Allah's Apostle (saws) commanded that tents should be
pitched for them too. And they were pitched. When the Messenger of Allah
(saws) offered the morning prayer, he looked and found (so many) tents.
Thereupon he said: What is this virtue that these (ladies) have decided
to acquire? He commanded his tent to be struck and abandoned i'tikaaf
in the month of Ramadaan and postponed it to the first ten days of
Shawwal.
[Sahih Muslim: Book 6: Hadith 2641]
Al-Imaam Al-Iraqi stated in his book "Imaam Al-Shaafi'ie commented on this Hadith by saying: “Based on this Hadith I dislike for women to do I'tikaaf at any masjid except the masjid of her house because if she does I'tikaaf at the Masjid which is normally visited day and night, the chances of her to be seen and see others i.e. males are big.”
[Tarh Al-Tathrib Fi Sharh Al-Taqreeb: 4/170]
Abu Hanifa said that let women only do I'tikaaf at their house Masjid. Imaam Sufyan Al-Thawri said: “It is better for women to do I'tikaaf at their house Masjid than having it at the normal Masjid.”
[Al-Istithkaar Al-Jami'e Li-madhahib Al-Amsaar: 3/399]
Imaam Abu Hanifa said: “It's a conflict with analogy of Prayer. As the prayer of a woman in her residence (or house) is better than her prayer in the Masjid, as is laid down in a report, it is necessary that her I'tikaaf be preferable in her room.”
[The book of I'tikaf-1(pg:367)]
[Sahih Muslim: Book 6: Hadith 2641]
Al-Imaam Al-Iraqi stated in his book "Imaam Al-Shaafi'ie commented on this Hadith by saying: “Based on this Hadith I dislike for women to do I'tikaaf at any masjid except the masjid of her house because if she does I'tikaaf at the Masjid which is normally visited day and night, the chances of her to be seen and see others i.e. males are big.”
[Tarh Al-Tathrib Fi Sharh Al-Taqreeb: 4/170]
Abu Hanifa said that let women only do I'tikaaf at their house Masjid. Imaam Sufyan Al-Thawri said: “It is better for women to do I'tikaaf at their house Masjid than having it at the normal Masjid.”
[Al-Istithkaar Al-Jami'e Li-madhahib Al-Amsaar: 3/399]
Imaam Abu Hanifa said: “It's a conflict with analogy of Prayer. As the prayer of a woman in her residence (or house) is better than her prayer in the Masjid, as is laid down in a report, it is necessary that her I'tikaaf be preferable in her room.”
[The book of I'tikaf-1(pg:367)]
Ibn
Qudamah states in Al-Mughni: "A woman has the right to observe
i'tikaaf in any Masjid, and that is not subject to the condition that it
be a Masjid where prayers are performed in congregation, because that
is not obligatory upon her."
It
was narrated that Umm Humayd the wife of Abu Humayd al-Saa’idi came to
the Prophet (saws) and said, “O Messenger of Allah, I like to pray with
you.” He said, “I know that you like to pray with me, but your prayer in
your room is better for you than your prayer in your courtyard and your
prayer in your courtyard is better for you than your praying in your
house, and your prayer in your house is better for you than your prayer
in the mosque of your people, and your prayer in the mosque of your
people is better for you than your prayer in my mosque.” So she issued
orders that a prayer-place be prepared for her in the furthest and
darkest part of her house, and she used to pray there until she met
Allah (i.e. died).”
[Musnad Ahmad, 26550]
Aa’ishah
(ra) said: “If the Messenger of Allah (saws) had lived to see how women
have started to behave, he would have prevented them (from going to the
Masjid) as the women of the Children of Israel were prevented.” I
(Yahya the narrator) said: “To ‘Umrah, were they prevented?” She said:
“Yes.”
[Bukhari, 831; Muslim, 445]
‘Abd
al-‘Azeem Abaadi said: "The reason why their praying in their homes is
better is because it is safer from fitnah or temptation. This was later
borne out by the way in which women began to make a wanton display of
their adornments, hence Aa’ishah said what she said."
[‘Awn al-Ma’bood,
2/193]
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