In
Al-Saheehayn it was reported from ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (ra) that a
Jewish man said to him, “O Ameer al-Mu’mineen, there is an Ayah in your
Book which you recite; if it had come to us Jews, we would have taken
that day as an ‘Eid (festival).” ‘Umar said, “Which Ayah?” He said: “This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for
you Islam as your religion.” [al-Maa’idah 5:3] ‘Umar said, “We
know on which day and in which place that was revealed to the Prophet
(saws). It was when he was standing in Arafah on a Friday.”
2. It is a day of Eid for the people who are in that place.
The Prophet (saws) said: “Yawm Arafah (the day of Arafah), Yawm al-Nahr (the Day of Sacrifice) and Ayyaam al-Tashreeq (the 3 days following Yawm al-Nahr) are Eid (festival) for us, the people of Islam. These are days of eating and drinking.” [This was narrated by the authors of al-Sunan] It was reported that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (ra) said: “It – i.e., the Ayah ‘This day I have perfected…’ was revealed on a Friday, the Day of Arafah, both of which – praise be to Allah – are Eids for us.”
The Prophet (saws) said: “Yawm Arafah (the day of Arafah), Yawm al-Nahr (the Day of Sacrifice) and Ayyaam al-Tashreeq (the 3 days following Yawm al-Nahr) are Eid (festival) for us, the people of Islam. These are days of eating and drinking.” [This was narrated by the authors of al-Sunan] It was reported that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (ra) said: “It – i.e., the Ayah ‘This day I have perfected…’ was revealed on a Friday, the Day of Arafah, both of which – praise be to Allah – are Eids for us.”
3. It is a day by which Allah swore an oath.
The Almighty cannot swear by anything except that which is mighty. Yawm Arafah is the “witnessed day” mentioned in the Ayah:
“By the witnessing day [Friday] and by the witnessed day [the Day of Arafah].” [al-Burooj 85:3]
It was reported from Abu Hurayrah (ra) that the Prophet (saws) said: “The promised day is the Day of Resurrection, the witnessed day is the Day of Arafah, and the witnessing day is Friday.” [at-Tirmidhi - classed as Sahih by Shk al-Albani]
It is the “odd” [i.e., odd-numbered, Witr] by which Allah swore in the Ayah:
“And by the even and the odd” [al-Fajr 89:3]. Ibn ‘Abbaas said: “The even is the Day of al-Adhaa [i.e., 10th Dhoo’l-Hijjah] and the odd is the Day of Arafah [i.e., 9th Dhoo’l-Hijjah] This is also the view of ‘Ikrimah and al-Dahhaak.
The Almighty cannot swear by anything except that which is mighty. Yawm Arafah is the “witnessed day” mentioned in the Ayah:
“By the witnessing day [Friday] and by the witnessed day [the Day of Arafah].” [al-Burooj 85:3]
It was reported from Abu Hurayrah (ra) that the Prophet (saws) said: “The promised day is the Day of Resurrection, the witnessed day is the Day of Arafah, and the witnessing day is Friday.” [at-Tirmidhi - classed as Sahih by Shk al-Albani]
It is the “odd” [i.e., odd-numbered, Witr] by which Allah swore in the Ayah:
“And by the even and the odd” [al-Fajr 89:3]. Ibn ‘Abbaas said: “The even is the Day of al-Adhaa [i.e., 10th Dhoo’l-Hijjah] and the odd is the Day of Arafah [i.e., 9th Dhoo’l-Hijjah] This is also the view of ‘Ikrimah and al-Dahhaak.
4. Fasting on this day is an expiation for two years.
It was reported from Abu Qutaadah (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (saws) was asked about fasting on the Day of Arafah. He said, “It expiates for the sins of the previous year and of the coming year.” [Sahih Muslim]
This (fasting) is mustahabb for those who are not on Hajj. In the case of the one who is on Hajj, it is not Sunnah for him to fast on the Day of Arafah, because the Prophet (saws) did not fast on this day in Arafah. It was narrated that he forbade fasting on the Day of Arafah in Arafah (i.e the one making Hajj who is in Arafah).
5.
It is the day on which Allah took the covenant from the progeny of Adam.
It was reported that Ibn Abbaas (ra) said: the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: “Allah took the covenant from the loins of Adam in Na’maan, i.e., Arafah. He brought forth from his loins all his offspring and spread them before Him, then He addressed them, and said: ‘Am I not your Lord? They said, ‘Yes, we testify,’ let you should say on the Day of Resurrection: ‘Verily, we have been unaware of this.’ Or lest you should say: ‘It was only our fathers aforetime who took others as partners in worship along with Allah, and we were (merely their) descendents after them; will You then destroy us because of the deeds of men who practised Al-Baatil (i.e., ploytheism and committing crimes and sins, invoking and worshipping others besides Allah)?’ [al-A’raaf 7:172-173]” [Narrated by Ahmad and classed as Sahih by Shk al-Albani] And there is no greater day than this and no greater covenant than this.
It was reported that Ibn Abbaas (ra) said: the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: “Allah took the covenant from the loins of Adam in Na’maan, i.e., Arafah. He brought forth from his loins all his offspring and spread them before Him, then He addressed them, and said: ‘Am I not your Lord? They said, ‘Yes, we testify,’ let you should say on the Day of Resurrection: ‘Verily, we have been unaware of this.’ Or lest you should say: ‘It was only our fathers aforetime who took others as partners in worship along with Allah, and we were (merely their) descendents after them; will You then destroy us because of the deeds of men who practised Al-Baatil (i.e., ploytheism and committing crimes and sins, invoking and worshipping others besides Allah)?’ [al-A’raaf 7:172-173]” [Narrated by Ahmad and classed as Sahih by Shk al-Albani] And there is no greater day than this and no greater covenant than this.
6. It is the day of forgiveness of sins, freedom from the Fire and pride in the people who are there:
In Sahih Muslim it was narrated from ‘Aaishah (ra) that the Prophet (saws) said: “There is no day on which Allah frees more people from the Fire than the Day of Arafah. He comes close and expresses His pride to the angels, saying, ‘What do these people want?’”
It was reported from Ibn ‘Umar that the Prophet (saws) said: “Allah expresses His pride to His angels at the time of ‘Ishaa’ on the Day of Arafah, about the people of Arafah. He says, ‘Look at My slaves who have come unkempt and dusty.’” [Narrated by Ahmad and classed as Sahih by Shk al-Albani]
In Sahih Muslim it was narrated from ‘Aaishah (ra) that the Prophet (saws) said: “There is no day on which Allah frees more people from the Fire than the Day of Arafah. He comes close and expresses His pride to the angels, saying, ‘What do these people want?’”
It was reported from Ibn ‘Umar that the Prophet (saws) said: “Allah expresses His pride to His angels at the time of ‘Ishaa’ on the Day of Arafah, about the people of Arafah. He says, ‘Look at My slaves who have come unkempt and dusty.’” [Narrated by Ahmad and classed as Sahih by Shk al-Albani]
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