WHO IS KAFIR?
In order to understand this topic of Al Walaa Wal Baraa' we must first understand exactly who the kafir is.
There are two types of Kafir:
1- Kafir Asslie:
Those who are originally non-muslim
2- Kafir Murtad:
Those who are Apostate
KAFIR ASSLIE
These are those who are kafir i.e. disbelievers in Islam and the Prophethood of the Messenger Muhammad (pbuh), Those who are originally kafir are further divided into three:
1- Mushrik of the people of the book:
The Jews & Christians
2- Mushrik not from the people of the book:
The Hindus, Buddhist, Majous, Etc
3- Atheists:
The Secular people, Money worshippers, Self worshippers, Women worshippers Etc
So therefore, we cannot call anybody who is not a Muslim, anything but a KAFIR.
The Prophet (pbuh) said:
"Whoever hears my name, and does not believe on me, has no excuse on the day of judgement."
KAFIR MURTAD
The apostate is the one who was Muslim but then left the fold of Islam. The types of Apostates are divided into three:
1- Al Jaahid: The one who denies the fard or anything else that is known by necessity
e.g. Someone who denies the obligation of Salah, or denies Hajj, jihad, Khilafah etc
This action of denying the fard is called Al Juhoud
2- Al Mustahil: The one who legalises the haram which is known by necessity, the is called Al Istihlal, whoever does so is Kafir Murtad
E.g. Someone who legalises fornication, stealing, gambling etc
3- Al Naaqedh: This is the one who commits any one of the ten Naaqedh (negations of Imaan (faith))
There are 10 negations of Imaan, anyone who commits any of them is Kafir Murtad unless he has a divine prevention.
THE NEGATIONS OF IMAAN
1- AL SHIRK
Allah said:
"Allah does not forgive shirk, he forgives anything less then that." [4:116]
Al Shirk is of two types:
a. Al Masaa'il Al Zaahirah
These are very explicit and apparent, like the one who worships a cow or idol, etc there is no excuse of ignorance for this
b. Al Masaa'il Al Khafiyyah
These are those that usually only the Ulemah know about it, or those studying with the Alim, but if the Alim comes out and declares it making it apparent to everybody, then they have no shield on the day of judgement.
e.g. Voting for Man-made law is Shirk Akbar, but it is not known.
2- INTERCESSION
If someone puts anybody in between himself and Allah as an Intercessor, whether the grave of Imam Shafi'i, the Messenger Muhammad (pbuh) or any priest, etc. he has negated his Imaan.
The Prophet (pbuh) said:
"Do not make my grave a stone to worship."
To ask someone who is alive to make du'a, or to ask someone's hand on your behalf etc is allowed, this type of intercession is allowed in his life but not after his death. However to ask for example to guarantee him paradise is not allowed and if he accepts to do so, they are both kafir.
Allah said:
"Is it not to Allah that sincere devotion is due? But those who take for protectors other than Allah (say): "We only serve them in order that they may bring us nearer to Allah." Truly Allah will judge between them in that wherein they differ. But Allah guides not such as are false and ungrateful." [39: 3]
3- REJECTING TO DECLARE THE MUSHRIK AND ATHIEST KAFIR, OR TO DOUBT THEIR KUFR, OR PRAISING THEIR DEEN
Whosoever:
a. Rejects to declare whom Allah declared kafir to be kafir
b. Doubts that it is kufr
c. Or if he praises the deen of the kuffar
There is Ijma' Al Sahabah on this, and Allah informed us of the stance we should take against the disbelievers:
"Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and those with him, when they said to their people: "Verily, we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allah: we have rejected you, and there has started between us and you hostility and hatred forever until you believe in Allah alone." [Mumtahanah (60): 4]
4- WHOEVER THINKS THAT ANY GUIDANCE DIFFERENT TO THAT OF THE MESSENGER MUHAMMAD (PBUH) BETTER OR SIMILAR TO HIS GUIDANCE
Allah said:
"By your lord, they are not believers until they refer to you in all matters, and they should not find any hardship in any matter, and should submit fully." [4: 65]
5- WHOEVER HATES ANY OF THE SHARI'AH
Even if the person fulfils the Shari'ah, but hates it, he is kafir, if he hates his salah, hajj, etc.
Allah said:
"That is because they hate the Revelation of Allah. so He has made their deeds fruitless." [Muhammad: 9]
6- WHOEVER RIDICULES THE DEEN OF ISLAM
Allah said:
"If you ask them, they will say "we were only joking." Say: "are you joking and mocking Allah and his verses? Don't bring excuses, you are kafir after you were mu'min..."[9: 65-66]
Anybody who ridicules or insults the deen of Allah, or any of its punishments or rewards takes you out of the fold of Islam.
e.g. to say "to cut the hand of the thief is barbaric."
7- AL SIHR (MAGIC)
Allah said:
"They followed what the evil ones gave out (falsely) against the power of Solomon: the blasphemers Were, not Solomon, but the evil ones, teaching men Magic, and such things as came down at babylon to the angels Harut and Marut. But neither of these taught anyone (Such things) without saying: "We are only for trial; so do not blaspheme." They learned from them the means to sow discord between man and wife. But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's permission. And they learned what harmed them, not what profited them. And they knew that the buyers of (magic) would have no share in the happiness of the Hereafter. And vile was the price for which they did sell their souls, if they but knew!" [2: 102]
In this ayah Allah called those who involve in magic kafir.
All types of magic, contacting Jinn, using the Jinn, or harming others via the jinn etc and going to the magician or someone to use the jinn on your behalf is a form of Shirk.
8- ALLIANCE WITH THE KUFFAR AGAINST THE MUSLIM
Allah said:
"O ye who believe! take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust." [5: 51]
9- WHOEVER BELIEVES THAT HE IS NOT OBLIGED TO FOLLOW THE MESSENGER MUHAMMAD (PBUH), OR THAT HE CAN LEAVE ISLAM TO FOLLOW ANOTHER DEEN
Whosoever believes so, are kafir,
Allah said:
"If anyone desires a religion other than Islam, it never will be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost." [3: 85]
10- TURNING YOUR BACK TO THE DEEN
Whosoever turns their back to the deen, neither studying it, nor practising it is kafir.
e.g. when someone gives you naseehah and you do not care about it.
Allah said:
"Who is more oppressor than the one whom when he recites the verses (is told the hukm), and then he turns his back to it. Verily from those who transgress We shall exact (due) Retribution." [sajdah: 22].
In order to understand this topic of Al Walaa Wal Baraa' we must first understand exactly who the kafir is.
There are two types of Kafir:
1- Kafir Asslie:
Those who are originally non-muslim
2- Kafir Murtad:
Those who are Apostate
KAFIR ASSLIE
These are those who are kafir i.e. disbelievers in Islam and the Prophethood of the Messenger Muhammad (pbuh), Those who are originally kafir are further divided into three:
1- Mushrik of the people of the book:
The Jews & Christians
2- Mushrik not from the people of the book:
The Hindus, Buddhist, Majous, Etc
3- Atheists:
The Secular people, Money worshippers, Self worshippers, Women worshippers Etc
So therefore, we cannot call anybody who is not a Muslim, anything but a KAFIR.
The Prophet (pbuh) said:
"Whoever hears my name, and does not believe on me, has no excuse on the day of judgement."
KAFIR MURTAD
The apostate is the one who was Muslim but then left the fold of Islam. The types of Apostates are divided into three:
1- Al Jaahid: The one who denies the fard or anything else that is known by necessity
e.g. Someone who denies the obligation of Salah, or denies Hajj, jihad, Khilafah etc
This action of denying the fard is called Al Juhoud
2- Al Mustahil: The one who legalises the haram which is known by necessity, the is called Al Istihlal, whoever does so is Kafir Murtad
E.g. Someone who legalises fornication, stealing, gambling etc
3- Al Naaqedh: This is the one who commits any one of the ten Naaqedh (negations of Imaan (faith))
There are 10 negations of Imaan, anyone who commits any of them is Kafir Murtad unless he has a divine prevention.
THE NEGATIONS OF IMAAN
1- AL SHIRK
Allah said:
"Allah does not forgive shirk, he forgives anything less then that." [4:116]
Al Shirk is of two types:
a. Al Masaa'il Al Zaahirah
These are very explicit and apparent, like the one who worships a cow or idol, etc there is no excuse of ignorance for this
b. Al Masaa'il Al Khafiyyah
These are those that usually only the Ulemah know about it, or those studying with the Alim, but if the Alim comes out and declares it making it apparent to everybody, then they have no shield on the day of judgement.
e.g. Voting for Man-made law is Shirk Akbar, but it is not known.
2- INTERCESSION
If someone puts anybody in between himself and Allah as an Intercessor, whether the grave of Imam Shafi'i, the Messenger Muhammad (pbuh) or any priest, etc. he has negated his Imaan.
The Prophet (pbuh) said:
"Do not make my grave a stone to worship."
To ask someone who is alive to make du'a, or to ask someone's hand on your behalf etc is allowed, this type of intercession is allowed in his life but not after his death. However to ask for example to guarantee him paradise is not allowed and if he accepts to do so, they are both kafir.
Allah said:
"Is it not to Allah that sincere devotion is due? But those who take for protectors other than Allah (say): "We only serve them in order that they may bring us nearer to Allah." Truly Allah will judge between them in that wherein they differ. But Allah guides not such as are false and ungrateful." [39: 3]
3- REJECTING TO DECLARE THE MUSHRIK AND ATHIEST KAFIR, OR TO DOUBT THEIR KUFR, OR PRAISING THEIR DEEN
Whosoever:
a. Rejects to declare whom Allah declared kafir to be kafir
b. Doubts that it is kufr
c. Or if he praises the deen of the kuffar
There is Ijma' Al Sahabah on this, and Allah informed us of the stance we should take against the disbelievers:
"Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and those with him, when they said to their people: "Verily, we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allah: we have rejected you, and there has started between us and you hostility and hatred forever until you believe in Allah alone." [Mumtahanah (60): 4]
4- WHOEVER THINKS THAT ANY GUIDANCE DIFFERENT TO THAT OF THE MESSENGER MUHAMMAD (PBUH) BETTER OR SIMILAR TO HIS GUIDANCE
Allah said:
"By your lord, they are not believers until they refer to you in all matters, and they should not find any hardship in any matter, and should submit fully." [4: 65]
5- WHOEVER HATES ANY OF THE SHARI'AH
Even if the person fulfils the Shari'ah, but hates it, he is kafir, if he hates his salah, hajj, etc.
Allah said:
"That is because they hate the Revelation of Allah. so He has made their deeds fruitless." [Muhammad: 9]
6- WHOEVER RIDICULES THE DEEN OF ISLAM
Allah said:
"If you ask them, they will say "we were only joking." Say: "are you joking and mocking Allah and his verses? Don't bring excuses, you are kafir after you were mu'min..."[9: 65-66]
Anybody who ridicules or insults the deen of Allah, or any of its punishments or rewards takes you out of the fold of Islam.
e.g. to say "to cut the hand of the thief is barbaric."
7- AL SIHR (MAGIC)
Allah said:
"They followed what the evil ones gave out (falsely) against the power of Solomon: the blasphemers Were, not Solomon, but the evil ones, teaching men Magic, and such things as came down at babylon to the angels Harut and Marut. But neither of these taught anyone (Such things) without saying: "We are only for trial; so do not blaspheme." They learned from them the means to sow discord between man and wife. But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's permission. And they learned what harmed them, not what profited them. And they knew that the buyers of (magic) would have no share in the happiness of the Hereafter. And vile was the price for which they did sell their souls, if they but knew!" [2: 102]
In this ayah Allah called those who involve in magic kafir.
All types of magic, contacting Jinn, using the Jinn, or harming others via the jinn etc and going to the magician or someone to use the jinn on your behalf is a form of Shirk.
8- ALLIANCE WITH THE KUFFAR AGAINST THE MUSLIM
Allah said:
"O ye who believe! take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust." [5: 51]
9- WHOEVER BELIEVES THAT HE IS NOT OBLIGED TO FOLLOW THE MESSENGER MUHAMMAD (PBUH), OR THAT HE CAN LEAVE ISLAM TO FOLLOW ANOTHER DEEN
Whosoever believes so, are kafir,
Allah said:
"If anyone desires a religion other than Islam, it never will be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost." [3: 85]
10- TURNING YOUR BACK TO THE DEEN
Whosoever turns their back to the deen, neither studying it, nor practising it is kafir.
e.g. when someone gives you naseehah and you do not care about it.
Allah said:
"Who is more oppressor than the one whom when he recites the verses (is told the hukm), and then he turns his back to it. Verily from those who transgress We shall exact (due) Retribution." [sajdah: 22].
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